Development of practical skills through problem-solving in second-year high school students

Abstract

Introduction: This research aims to evaluate the feasibility of a teaching sequence based on real-life problem-solving to develop practical skills in technical support in higher technical education students. It is based on the theories of authors such as David Kolb, John Dewey, and Donald Schön, relating the teaching-learning process with their respective theories on experiential learning and reflection-in-action. Materials and methods: It uses a classroom action research methodology and combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. It employs theoretical methods such as analytical-synthetic and empirical methods such as document analysis, interviews, and pedagogical tests. It follows a methodological path consisting of three phases: causal diagnosis of the problem, didactic modeling of the proposal, and validation of the proposal. Results: The implementation of a teaching sequence based on real-life problem-solving, in combination with the theories of the aforementioned authors, has proven highly effective in developing students' practical skills, improving their preparation for job performance. Discussion: Real-life problem-solving is a successful methodology for enhancing meaningful learning in students, as it allows them to strengthen prior knowledge, apply it in challenging situations, influences motivation to learn, enriches teamwork skills, and becomes a relevant experience that facilitates the development of life skills in the cognitive-instrumental, affective, and socioemotional domains. Conclusions: The authors conclude that it is important to adopt a more comprehensive and effective approach to developing practical skills in technical education, including the integration of theory and practice, real-life problem-solving, and the appropriate use of technological tools. Furthermore, the authors highlight the importance of comprehensively addressing the areas of technical diagnosis, problem-solving, implementation, and adaptation to new technologies.