Methodological guide to develop digital skills as transversal content in the eighth year of the EGB of the Carlos Educational Unit Julio Arosemena Tola

Abstract

Introduction: This study develops a methodological guide to integrate digital competencies as a cross-curricular theme in the eighth grade of Basic General Education at the Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola Educational Unit. It addresses the need to prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century and overcome obstacles such as a lack of digital competence among teachers and a lack of technological resources. Materials and methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, applying surveys to a probabilistic sample of 31 students, 5 teachers, and 10 parents. These surveys were validated by expert judgment and supplemented with classroom observations, focus groups with students, and document analysis. Results: The results showed an improvement in digital information search and organization skills and in security practices, but no significant impact on digital content creation or problem-solving with ICT. The surveys revealed a positive perception of the methodological guide. Discussion: The findings are consistent with previous studies that highlight the need for a clear pedagogical approach to the critical use of sources and the development of competencies beyond the basic level. Conclusions: The guide provides a solid foundation for developing useful digital skills, but its success depends on ongoing teacher training and strengthening the technological infrastructure.