Pathophysiological characterization of patients with acute myocardial infarction with STsegment elevation
Keywords:
Acute myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, ST segment elevation, pathophysiological characteristicsAbstract
Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) represents the most significant manifestation of ischemic heart disease,
which occurs when acute coronary occlusion occurs, causing myocardial necrosis as a result of severe ischemia. Materials
and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 765 patients with acute myocardial
infarction with ST segment elevation in the period from 2018 to 2022 with the objective of describing the pathophysiological
characteristics of Acute Myocardial Infarction in patients with elevation of the segment. ST. The data were obtained from
the medical records. The variables were studied: age, sex, modifiable coronary risk factors, evaluation of nutritional status,
topography, complications, diagnostic criteria and death. Descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency) were used to process the information. Results: The male population over 77 years of age was more likely to die from cardiovascular
diseases. The most relevant coronary risk factor found was high blood pressure. The most frequent location was on the
lower face, hemodynamic complications prevailed in the studied population and clinical and electrocardiographic criteria
were the most used to obtain the diagnosis of the patients. Discussion: Cuban researchers such as Molina et al. made
several contributions, since they found that patients with systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 140 mmHg
had a three-fold increased risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that 50.0% of hypertensive
patients suffer from chest pain and that the possibility of a major coronary accident is 3 times higher in these patients.
Conclusions: Men are the most affected by acute myocardial infarction, as well as high blood pressure along with smoking
constituted the most relevant coronary risk factors, the latter triggers the release of catecholamines causing damage to the
endothelium, increases the coronary tone with spasm and produces coagulation disorders.
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