A systematic, theoretical and empirical review of family functionality in university students
Keywords:
family functioning, university students, studentsAbstract
Introduction: This systematic review examines the available scientific evidence on family functioning in university students, a crucial topic given the family's role as the primary source of emotional, social, and economic support. Contexts such as migration, job insecurity, and the COVID-19 pandemic have transformed family dynamics, impacting the well-being and academic performance of young people. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, analyzing 25 studies published between 2023 and 2025, identified in databases such as Scopus, SciELO, and PubMed. Inclusion criteria prioritized empirical studies, preferably quantitative and cross-sectional, focused on Latin American university student populations. Results: The findings demonstrate a predominant association between greater family functioning and better mental health indicators (lower anxiety, depression, and burnout), greater life satisfaction, a more positive self-concept, and better academic performance. Instruments such as FACES III/IV and the Family APGAR were the most frequently used, although limitations in their cultural adaptation were noted. Discussion: Family functioning is confirmed as a key protective factor. However, the predominance of cross-sectional designs and the use of self-reports limit causal inference. The need to adapt instruments to diverse family typologies and current contexts, as well as to conduct longitudinal studies, is evident. Conclusions: It is concluded that a functional family environment promotes university adjustment, while dysfunction is associated with psychoacademic difficulties. It is imperative to develop culturally sensitive instruments and incorporate this variable into student support programs for a more comprehensive understanding.
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