Perceptions of citizen insecurity among university students in Latin America and the Caribbean: A documentary review

Abstract

Introduction: The perception of citizen insecurity in Latin America and the Caribbean significantly impacts the emotional well-being and academic performance of university students, generating fear, anxiety, stress, and even symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Data from Latinobarometer (2024) reveal high levels of dissatisfaction with democratic functioning and widespread distrust in state institutions, including the armed forces and the police. This problem, exacerbated by violence from criminal groups and drug trafficking, limits the social mobility and integration of young people. Materials and methods: A systematic documentary review was conducted with a descriptive and comparative approach, using the historical-logical method and the PRISMA matrix for systematization. The search focused on scientific publications about violence, organized crime, and their psychosocial impact on university students in the region, using the Mendeley database management system to organize the sources. Results: The findings reveal high levels of victimization and a perception of insecurity that is both objective (actual experiences of crime) and subjective (feelings of panic and helplessness). Studies such as Latinobarómetro (2016) report that 30% of the population has suffered some form of violence, with percentages exceeding 40% in countries like Venezuela, Mexico, Argentina, and the Dominican Republic. Psychological violence among university students is more significant than physical violence, affecting interpersonal relationships. Discussion: Drug trafficking and organized crime have a profound impact on the region, influencing political and social actions. Factors such as poverty, inequality, and institutional distrust exacerbate the feeling of insecurity. Self-protection strategies such as cocooning (isolation) are common, limiting social interaction. Conclusions: It is concluded that it is imperative to foster a culture of security within universities, strengthen student welfare departments, train security personnel, and promote collaboration between university authorities and the community. Higher education institutions must assume an active role in creating safe and equitable environments that guarantee the holistic development of students and the full enjoyment of their human rights.