Teaching-learning model in football, based on perceptual-motor transfer in children aged 6 to 8 years
Keywords:
Perceptual-motor transfer, soccer instruction, perceptual abilities, pedagogical model, youth soccer, children 6-8 years old, Esmeraldas-EcuadorAbstract
Introduction: Soccer is a sociomotor sport where decision-making is based on perceptual-motor skills. In the initiation phase (6-8 years), a contradiction persists between this internal logic and traditional teaching models, predominantly behaviorist and mechanistic, which prioritize decontextualized technical repetition, neglecting perceptual development. This study aimed to design and validate a teaching-learning model based on perceptual-motor transfer to overcome these limitations. Materials and methods: A pre-experimental study was conducted with 123 soccer players and 20 coaches from Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Theoretical methods (literature review, modeling) and empirical methods (surveys, observation, technical-tactical testing) were combined. The proposed model was validated through expert judgment (Delphi methodology, Kendall's coefficient), and its effectiveness was measured with a pre-test/post-test design analyzed statistically (Wilcoxon test). Results: The diagnosis confirmed the traditional approach to decontextualized techniques. After applying the model, a significant improvement was observed in the children's technical-tactical performance, attributed to the systemic integration of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic stimuli in game situations. Discussion: The results support the idea that early childhood learning should prioritize perception and decision-making, moving beyond mechanistic approaches. The model effectively integrates technique, tactics, and perception in real-world contexts. Conclusions: The model proved effective in enhancing technical-tactical skills through perceptual-motor stimulation. Its implementation in children's soccer training is recommended, as it articulates the essential components of the game in a comprehensive learning process adapted to their needs, laying the foundation for developing intelligent and decisive players.
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