Bibliographic review of arborization in rational grazing systems on the effect of heat stress on cows

Abstract

Introduction: In the tropics, various cattle grazing systems have been valued and implemented, with their different levels
of intensification and success, which always depends on the adjustment of the edaphoclimatic conditions, conditioned
to the type of animal, as well as the different types. or pasture crops and the level of inputs used. Materials and methods:
A bibliographic research was carried out from several authors of books, magazines and scientific articles that report
information pertinent to the work in progress, technical support was also requested from the facilitators and researchers
of the Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí “Manuel Felix Lopez. Results: Silvopastoral systems involve
the use of trees in pasture systems, with the objective of establishing benefits such as improving soil fertility through
nutrient cycling and nitrogen fixation carried out by some species, regulation of water balance by conserve water and
reduce evaporation, CO2 fixation and reduction of heat stress of animals through the effect of shade by generating
microclimates in grazing areas, which allow animals to remain in environments with temperatures within or near
the zone of thermoneutrality. Discussion: Beef grazing systems in the tropics, especially in Ecuador, have gone from productive efficiency to low productivity. Climate change has a lot to do with the reduction in productive response
levels. Conclusions: Tree planting in grazing systems is aimed at a sustainable and multifunctional approach that seeks to
integrate animal production with biodiversity and climate change mitigation. These can vary in design and composition
according to local conditions and the objectives of livestock producers.