Impact of plastic waste on agricultural soils

Resumen

Introduction: Plastic waste has become a global problem due to its persistence in the environment and accumulation in agricultural soils. Therefore, this article reviews the current status of this issue and addresses the effects of microplastics and macroplastics, which are solid waste in agricultural soils. Materials and methods: The research is non-experimental because it is conducted without deliberately manipulating variables. Data are collected through direct observation and surveys conducted in recent research are reviewed. Literature on this topic from the last five years was reviewed in indexed databases such as Scielo and others available on Google Scholar. Discussion: In Latin America, in general, there is a problem in the implementation of waste control, caused by the lack of control and spaces for waste disposal, the maintenance of landfills in poor condition, and the low value given to the informal sector. Results: Therefore, as a result of the research, biochar filters, regulatory restrictions as biodegradable alternatives, and global treaties are proposed. The latter to reduce plastic production, in the face of opposition from oil-producing countries. Discussion: Future challenges on this topic focus on conducting more in-depth studies to avoid the silent crisis with documented impacts on soil fertility, food security, and human health. Conclusions: The transition to circular agriculture, free of synthetic plastics, is essential to preserve the soils of Latin America and, above all, those of Ecuador.