Estratégias para a prevenção da violência escolar na América Latina: uma revisão sistemática (2020–2025)
Palavras-chave:
Violência escolar, Prevenção da violência, Bullying, Intervenção psicoeducacional, América Latina.Resumo
Introdução: A violência escolar é um problema persistente nos sistemas educacionais da América Latina, com implicações negativas para o bem-estar psicológico, o desempenho acadêmico e o clima escolar. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar as evidências empíricas sobre estratégias de prevenção da violência escolar implementadas na América Latina por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura publicada entre 2020 e 2025. A revisão sistemática foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA 2020, utilizando buscas nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Após a aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão relacionados ao tipo de estudo, população estudantil, contexto regional e abordagem preventiva, 34 estudos empíricos foram selecionados para a análise final, predominantemente com delineamentos experimentais e quase-experimentais. Os dados foram organizados utilizando matrizes de triagem e extração de dados, considerando o tipo de intervenção, o delineamento metodológico e os principais resultados. Os achados revelam heterogeneidade na eficácia das estratégias de prevenção da violência escolar na região. Programas focados exclusivamente no bullying apresentam efeitos limitados quando carecem de adaptação sociocultural adequada e implementação sustentada. Em contrapartida, intervenções psicoeducacionais voltadas para o fortalecimento de habilidades socioemocionais e convivência escolar apresentam maior potencial preventivo, embora seus efeitos diretos na redução da violência nem sempre sejam consistentes. Além disso, diversos estudos destacam a importância de mediadores psicológicos e contextuais na efetividade das intervenções. Conclui-se que a prevenção da violência escolar na América Latina requer abordagens abrangentes, contextualizadas e baseadas em evidências, que considerem fatores individuais e institucionais, fornecendo critérios relevantes para o planejamento e o fortalecimento de programas preventivos.
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