Estilos de crianza y el desarrollo de la inteligencia práctica infantil
Palabras clave:
estilos de crianza; inteligencia práctica infantil; competencias adaptativasResumen
Introducción: La inteligencia práctica, entendida como la capacidad para resolver problemas cotidianos mediante estrategias adaptativas, constituye una dimensión clave del desarrollo infantil significativamente influenciada por los estilos de crianza y las dinámicas familiares. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre los estilos parentales y la inteligencia práctica en niños en edad escolar. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con enfoque cualitativo y diseño descriptivo-analítico, siguiendo lineamientos PRISMA, mediante búsqueda en seis bases de datos académicas (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, BMC y Google Scholar) que permitió identificar 25 estudios que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Evidencian que el estilo democrático se asocia consistentemente con mayor autonomía, capacidad de resolución de problemas y adaptabilidad funcional. Por el contrario, los estilos autoritario, permisivo y negligente se vinculan con limitaciones en competencias prácticas como ansiedad ante la toma de decisiones, baja tolerancia a la frustración, dificultades conductuales y deficiencias en autorregulación. Discusión: Se identificaron prácticas parentales específicas (comunicación asertiva, disciplina positiva y acompañamiento emocional) que favorecen el pensamiento práctico infantil incluso en contextos no plenamente democráticos. La discusión resalta que factores contextuales como el nivel educativo de los padres, el nivel socioeconómico, la estructura familiar y la disponibilidad de recursos educativos actúan como variables moderadoras de esta relación. Conclusiones: que promover estilos de crianza democráticos y fortalecer competencias parentales mediante intervenciones psicoeducativas y políticas públicas resulta fundamental para potenciar el desarrollo adaptativo infantil y prevenir los efectos adversos asociados a prácticas parentales disfuncionales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Diego Javier Mayorga Ortiz, Anderson Patricio Maigua Pinta, Mariela Brigitte Guamanquispe Salas, Cristian Esteveen Imbago Rosero
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