Community strategies for the prevention of transferable illnesses for vectors

Abstract

Introduction: Vector-borne diseases pose a significant threat to public health, especially in vulnerable communities. Their prevention requires intersectoral approaches and community participation, although shortcomings are evident in the comprehensiveness, sustainability, and training of health personnel. Materials and methods: This exploratory qualitative research was conducted in the Tarifa Parish (Samborodón, Guayas Province) with 12 health professionals (faculty members of the Metropolitan University of Ecuador), 12 patients from the Type A Health Center, and 56 community adults. Likert scales, group interviews, document analysis (Organic Health Law and MAIS-FCI Model), and consultations with specialists were used. Results: 50% of patients indicated insufficient systematicity in preventive actions; 75% acknowledged resistance to changing behaviors that contribute to vector proliferation, especially among older adults. 58% expressed disagreement with interventions being led by health institutions. Professionals identified the lack of regular home visits and insufficient family support as barriers. Methodological guidelines were designed based on the One Health and intercultural approaches, including participatory diagnosis, home visits, community epidemiology workshops, sanitation campaigns, and systematic evaluation. Specialists validated the guidelines as relevant and useful. Discussion: The findings are consistent with previous studies that highlight the need for comprehensive and participatory approaches, moving beyond fragmented and low-impact interventions. Conclusions: Effective community strategies require a comprehensive approach that combines health education, active social participation, and intersectoral collaboration, with an emphasis on sustainability and respect for cultural diversity.