Physiotherapy programs for functional recovery and return to exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes

Abstract

Introduction: To evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy programs, it helps determine which techniques promote better recovery in terms of strength, stability, mobility and thus optimize the rehabilitation of athletes after cruciate ligament surgery. Time and quality of return to sport are critical factors. The objective of this systematic literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy programs in functional recovery and return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes, based on the analysis of the available scientific evidence. Materials and methods: This systematic review is integrative, observational, and retrospective, written in accordance with the statement of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: The results obtained from the analyzed studies suggest that rehabilitation programs that incorporate specific techniques, such as electrical neuromuscular stimulation, eccentric training, blood flow restriction therapy, and core stability training, have a positive impact on functional recovery and in reducing the time to return to sport. Discussion: Rehabilitation programs that include techniques such as electrical neuromuscular stimulation and eccentric training significantly improve muscle strength and knee function in post-ACL athletes, reducing the risk of relapse and accelerating return to sport. Conclusions: The use of elastic knee sleeves and core stability training complement traditional rehabilitation, improving knee biomechanics and reducing the risk of secondary injuries in athletes after ACL reconstruction.