Cultura empreendedora em estudantes universitários (2015–2025): uma revisão sistemática da literatura baseada no PRISMA
Palavras-chave:
cultura empreendedora; intenções empreendedoras; estudantes universitários; educação empreendedora; mentalidade empreendedora; ecossistema universitário; revisão sistemáticaResumo
Esta revisão sistemática examina a evidência empírica sobre cultura empreendedora em estudantes universitários publicada entre 2015 e 2025, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA 2020. Os objetivos foram identificar os fatores que influenciam as intenções empreendedoras, analisar o papel da educação e do ecossistema universitário, sintetizar marcos teóricos e metodologias, e apontar lacunas de conhecimento e futuras linhas de investigação. A busca foi realizada em quatro bases de dados (SciSpace, Google Scholar, PubMed, ArXiv) até março de 2026, utilizando termos em inglês e espanhol relacionados à cultura e intenções empreendedoras. Foram incluídos estudos empíricos publicados em periódicos revisados por pares entre 2015 e 2025, com foco em estudantes universitários. Após a eliminação de duplicatas, identificaram-se 423 registros, que foram triados conforme os protocolos PRISMA. Os 28 estudos mais relevantes foram selecionados por meio de ranqueamento assistido por IA para síntese qualitativa. Os resultados indicam que a educação empreendedora exerce impacto positivo significativo sobre as intenções, mediado pela mentalidade empreendedora e pela autoeficácia, enquanto o ecossistema universitário atua como catalisador. A Teoria do Comportamento Planejado foi o marco teórico predominante, com prevalência de pesquisas transversais e análises por modelagem de equações estruturais (SEM). Evidenciam-se limitações comuns, como desenhos transversais e ausência de estudos longitudinais. Conclui-se que a cultura e a educação empreendedora, aliadas ao apoio institucional, são determinantes centrais das intenções empreendedoras estudantis. Recomenda-se ampliar estudos longitudinais e transculturais, e que as universidades integrem sistematicamente a educação empreendedora em seus currículos, fortalecendo seus ecossistemas para formar a próxima geração de empreendedores.
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