Pharmacological advances in the treatment of obesity in adolescents. Systematic literature review
Keywords:
Obesity, Adolescent, Anti-Obesity Agents, Drug Therapy y Weight LossAbstract
Introduction: Adolescent obesity represents a significant public health problem and is associated with multiple metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched, and 11 studies published between 2021 and 2026 were selected. Results: The evidence confirms that GLP-1 agonists currently represent the best pharmacological option for adolescents with obesity, with semaglutide showing the best clinical results. In addition to promoting weight loss, these medications contribute to improving cardiometabolic risk. Discussion: Pharmacotherapy is an effective alternative for the treatment of obesity in adolescents, especially when combined with lifestyle modifications. Conclusions: GLP-1 receptor agonists, particularly semaglutide, showed the best clinical results; however, treatment selection should be individualized, as not all anti-obesity drugs have sufficient evidence or approval for use in this population.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Fernanda Abigail Mejía Cayancela, Doménica Salomé Heredia Yaselga, Cecilia Alejandra Garcia Rios, José Luis Giron Sigcho, Yahaira Fernanda Alban Poma
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