Emprendedores de Cuba y Perú: modelo de negocio desde la incubación empresarial con innovación tecnológica

Authors

Yadira Argota Pérez
George Argota Pérez

Abstract

Introduction: Limited technological innovation weakens business incubation and the competitiveness of Cuban and Peruvian entrepreneurs. The objective of this study was to describe the entrepreneurial experiences in Cuba and Peru through their business models within the framework of business incubation supported by technological innovation. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 58 entrepreneurs (27 Cuban and 31 Peruvian), selected through non-probability convenience sampling. A Likert-scale questionnaire was administered, demonstrating high internal reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.94). Participants were classified according to five dimensions: motivation, business type, innovation approach, risk level, and stage of entrepreneurship. Results: The Likert scale yielded a mean score of 2.86, indicating a moderate relationship between business incubation and technological innovation. In Cuba, necessity-driven entrepreneurs predominated (92.59%), whereas Peru exhibited a more balanced distribution between necessity-driven and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship was more prevalent in Cuba (74.07%) than in Peru (54.84%), although Peru showed greater diversity in economic activities. In both countries, imitative entrepreneurs predominated (Cuba: 88.89%; Peru: 87.09%) and most exhibited a moderate level of risk tolerance (Cuba: 92.59%; Peru: 90.32%). Furthermore, emerging ventures were more common in Cuba (85.18%), whereas established businesses predominated in Peru (70.96%). Discussion: Technological innovation exerted a limited influence on the business models analyzed, while business incubation played a secondary role in their development. Conclusions: The socioeconomic context conditioned entrepreneurial activity and the incorporation of technological innovation into the business models of both countries.

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