Higher education and regional economic development in Mexico: a space panel analysis (2010–2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Higher education is one of the main mechanisms through which regional economies generate and accumulate human capital, knowledge, and innovation. In Mexico, however, the expansion of university enrollment and coverage has occurred unevenly across the states, while significant disparities in productivity, income, and regional economic structure persist. Objective: This research analyzes the relationship between higher education and regional economic development in Mexico during the period 2010–2024, explicitly incorporating the spatial dimension of the states. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach based on panel data for the 32 states and spatial econometrics techniques is proposed to determine whether higher education has a significant association with regional economic performance and whether interaction effects exist between neighboring states. The research uses statistical information primarily from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) and specialized higher education sources, supplemented by academic literature on human capital, endogenous growth, and spatial econometrics. Results: The relevance of this approach is supported by recent evidence identifying differentiated effects of human capital and education on the growth of Mexican states, as well as by studies demonstrating spatial dependence in regional growth processes. Conclusions: This analysis aims to contribute to the discussion on the role of universities in territorial development and provide elements for the design of public policies aimed at reducing regional inequalities through greater integration of higher education, productivity, innovation, and economic structure.
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