Humanización del conocimiento ambiental transferido para la prevención de riesgos en actividades agrícolas locales

Authors

Rene Anselmo De la Torre Castro
Luis Alberto Massa Palacios
Félix Ricardo Belli Carhuayo
Juan Américo Farfán Flores
George Argota Pérez

Abstract

Introduction: Agricultural reuse of wastewater requires contextualized environmental knowledge to prevent risks in semidesert environments. Objective: To analyze the humanization of transferred environmental knowledge for risk prevention in local agricultural activities in the district of Santiago, Ica, Peru. Materials and methods: A quantitative, applied, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2026. Samples from the influent and two effluents of an oxidation lagoon, as well as three agricultural soils irrigated with these effluents, were evaluated. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the wastewater and physicochemical characteristics of the soil were determined. Data were processed using descriptive statistics and compared with regulatory and technical reference values. Results: BOD5,20 decreased by 66.2% between the influent and the first effluent, whereas COD decreased by 55.4%; however, both indicators remained above their respective reference values. Total nitrogen decreased by 51.1% and total phosphorus by 48.5%. Fecal coliforms initially decreased but subsequently returned to the influent level, whereas total coliforms increased markedly in the first effluent. In the soils, electrical conductivity indicated moderate salinity, while total nitrogen and organic matter were very low, with sand predominating. Discussion: The results showed that physicochemical reductions did not entail an equivalent microbiological response, confirming the need for an integrated interpretation of effluent and soil quality. Conclusions: The humanization of environmental knowledge was achieved by transforming analytical evidence into preventive guidance relevant to local agricultural conditions.

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